Collective Bargaining Agreements as Non-Judicial Grievance Mechanisms

Authors

• Sahiba Gill, Global Labor Justice, Deputy Legal Director

Abstract

Do collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) in global value chains meet the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights’ (UN Guiding Principles, or Guiding Principles) benchmark for effective access to remedy through non-judicial grievance mechanisms? The literature on access to remedy in the business and human rights framework has not considered whether they do, despite growing attention to contestation between rightsholders and companies via these mechanisms. This article contributes to filling this gap through empirical analysis of a dataset of 216 CBAs in manufacturing sectors in the Global South with grievance mechanisms. Findings indicate that grievance mechanisms in CBAs meet the Effectiveness Criteria established in the UN Guiding Principles, suggesting a role for CBAs in providing effective access to remedy for workers in global value chains.

Recommended Citation

Gill, Sahiba (2026) "Collective Bargaining Agreements as Non-Judicial Grievance Mechanisms," Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal: Vol. 46: Iss. 2, Article 5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.60082/2819-2567.1137
Available at: https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cllpj/vol46/iss2/5

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