An Overview of Political Authority in Medieval Europe: Empire, Papacy, and the Rights of Infidels

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2020

Source Publication

HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT. Vol. XLI. No. 2. Summer 2020

Abstract

From the late eleventh century, an intense struggle over political authority took place in Western Europe. The main contenders were the Pope, the Holy Roman Emperor and secular rulers. This paper examines the political, jurisprudential and theological theories underlying this conflict, especially as they related to the universal claims of the Pope and the Emperor. These are contrasted with the claims of secular rulers to complete independence which eventually prevailed, resulting in the division of Europe into nation-states. The paper then relates papal claims to universal authority to the rights of infidels, particularly in the context of the debate at the Council of Constance over the rights of non-Christian Poles and Lithuanians to hold property and exercise jurisdiction.

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